Operating Microscope with Camera:
Day after day, ophthalmologists all over the world strive to improve existing
surgical procedures and optimize the protection of the patient's eye.
So, to get the best result & perfection we have the best quality of
Microscope i.e. Carl-Zeiss - OPMI MDO Surgical Microscope
with X-Y Coupling.

The OPMI MDO is the surgical microscope, which Carl Zeiss has specially
developed for use in Ophthalmology. Its computer-designed, high-performance
optics, multiple illumination system and exceptional operating convenience
guarantee the surgeon optimum comfort for all procedures in ophthalmic
surgery.
This instrument
provides an amazingly clear, razor-sharp image with outstanding contrast,
superb color fidelity and optimum accuracy down to the very last detail.
Some of the features are:
* Enhanced resolution
* Higher Contrast
* Increased color fidelity due to optimum chromatic correction of the
entire system.
* Optimum magnification conditions in every discipline of microsurgery
thanks to an
exceptionally large zoom range.
* Exceptionally good working conditions due to the compact microscope
design
* Outstanding image quality for every surgical procedure due to the innovative
multiple
illumination system and the re-designed high-performance optics.
* Superb viewing convenience for the entire surgical team.
* Optimum documentation with Video System. All surgeries are recorded
on our computer & stored in the Library.
Phaco-Emulsification:
Phaco-Emulsification is the latest technique used worldwide for the removal
of Cataract. Most cataract surgery today is done by Phaco, which is also
called small incision cataract surgery or Sutureless surgery. This device
emits ultrasound waves that soften and break up the cloudy center of the
lens so it can be removed by suction.
At DIVYADRASHTI
we have, OPTICKON 2000 (ITALY) make PULSAR minimal Stress
type of Phaco-Emulsification system. The "OPTIKON PULSAR" is
an advanced microprocessor based unit for anterior segment surgical procedures.
Reliability, versatility, mobility and adaptability combined with sound
engineering design, make this machine unique among similar devices currently
available on the world market. It is designed to perform:
* Irrigation
* Irrigation/Aspiration
* Phaco-emulsification
* Anterior and Posterior Vitrectomy
* Bipolar Diathermy Coagulation Procedure.
The system
features of visual and audible signals aid in set up, indicates operating
mode and situations requiring attention, to ensure patient safety.
Some of the
important technical specifications are:
* Manufacturer:
OPTIKON 2000, Italy.
Model: PULSAR
Classification: Class I - Patient Care Equipment
Irrigation:
Fluid Delivery: Gravity fed. Eye pressure determined by the height of
irrigation source.
Valving Element: Solenoid driven pinch valve
Hand piece Type: Irrigating Cystotome
Control: System Footswitch
Ultrasound:
Hand piece Type: Piezoelectric
Frequency: Approx. 40KHz
Stroke: 85 Micron or more
Irrigation/Aspiration: Coaxial to the hand piece.
Available Vacuum Range: From 5 to 500 mmHg
Available Flow rate range: 4 to 50 cc/min
Surgeon Mode: Allows linear control of the U/S power via system footswitch
depression
M.M.P Mode: Surgeon can select rapidly from up to two independent sub
programs for the
best choice of setting for U/S power, Vacuum, Flow rate and I.V pole height
during the different phases of Phaco surgery.
Auto Priming: The PULSAR features a built-in auto priming system that
fills tubing, checking
correct installation of I/A lines and ultrasonic tip.
I/A:
Irrigation: Gravity fed
Aspiration Pump Type: Peristaltic
Available Vacuum Range: 5 to 500 mmHg.
Available Aspiration flow rate: 4 to 50 cc/min.
Surgeon mode: Linear aspiration (Vacuum and/or Flow rate) from zero to
preset parameter
linearly controlled via system footswitch.
Safety device: Vacuum sensor, monitors the vacuum in the aspiration line.
Sets off occlusion
alarm in the event of ASP line blockage.
Hand piece type: Coaxial I/A
Control: System Footswitch
Vitrectomy:
Hand piece type: Disposable, pneumatically powered guillotine cutter.
Cutting Mode: Reciprocation motion.
Default cut rate: User programmable.
Available cutting rate: From 60 to 700 cuts per minute.
Available aspiration flow rate: 4 to 50 cc/min
Surgeon mode: Linear aspiration (Vacuum and/or Flow rate) from zero to
preset parameter linearly controlled via system footswitch
Control: System footswitch
Diathermy
(Cautery)
This instrument offers a high frequency diathermy for selective burn placement.
Some
of the important specifications are:
Type: Bipolar
generator. Generator stops when RF power is not needed.
Operating Frequency: 2 Mz
Nominal Power: 10W (250 ohm Load)
No load Max. Voltage: 100 V
Available Bipolar power: 5 to 100%
Hand piece Type: Bipolar micro forceps, slim stat pencil eraser, intraocular
diathermy pencils.
Control: System footswitch
U/V
Air Filter :
Purpose:
To sterilize the air in the Operation Theatre with the help of UV Germicidal
light.
Working Principle:
UV Germicidal lamps have property to kill bacteria, virus & other
primitive organisms.
In this unit, the air is drawn from the top & then subjected to strong
radiation of UV-C light. As the air is very close to UV Germicidal Tubes,
the bacteria and virus etc. are inactivated and sterile air is again circulated
in the room.
Capacity:
With one unit, upto area of (25' W x 30' L x 15' H = 11,250 CU. Feet)
& with the distance of 16feet, the air will be sterilized in ONE HOUR.
Ophthalmoscope:
Purpose:
It is an instrument with angled mirror, various lenses, and a light source.
It is used to examine the Retina and Vitreous . In the retina,
the head of the optic nerve, and the retinal vein and artery can be examined.
Ophthalmoscopy requires dilating the pupils with drops to give the doctor
the best view inside the eye.
There are two types of ophthalmoscopes: Direct and Indirect.

The direct is a hand-held instrument with a battery powered light
source. It also has a series of lenses that can be dialed in to focus
the doctor's view of the retina. The direct ophthalmoscope is useful for
examining the central retina.
The indirect
ophthalmoscope can be used to examine the entire retina. This instrument
is worn on the doctor's head. While looking through the instrument's magnifying
glasses, a special lens is placed in front of the patient's eye, allowing
the doctor to see upto the periphery of the retina clearly.
Gonioscopy
Gonioscope - is an instrument used to inspect the anterior chamber of
the eye. It consists of a magnifier and a lens equipped with mirrors,
which is placed on the patient's cornea.
Purpose: To know the details of the Angle of the eye, thereby guiding
the doctor to classify the type of glaucoma.

Perimetry
(Visual Field Analysis)
We have recently
installed the "Haag-streit" Octopus 301 model fully automatic
visual field , with five custom tests programmes, Peritrend & Flicker
software.
We have dedicated trained technicians to conduct the test. A higly user-friendly
very fast test with high levels of interpretation.
Fundus
Fluorescein Angiography (FFA)
Angioscopy / Angiography is a test used to photograph structures in the
back of the eye and finding damage to the blood vessels, which nourish
the Retina. There are two types of angioscopy:

(1) Fluorescein
and (2) Indocyanine green (ICG).
Fluorescein Angioscopy (FFA) is used primarily to study blood circulation
in and just beneath the surface of the retina, while ICG angioscopy is
better for photographing the deeper choroidal vessels. The purpose of
either type of angioscopy is to determine whether there are irregularities
in the circulatory system of the retina. Several serious eye disorders,
such as Diabetic retinopathy, affect retinal circulation and are usually
studied with the fluorescein procedure. Other problems, such as age-related
macular degeneration, are caused by leakage from the deeper choroidal
blood vessels. In these cases, the ICG procedure can provide additional
information, which may not be available through a fluorescein angioscopy.
In both angioscopy procedures, a small amount of colored dye is injected
into a vein in the arm where it travels through the circulatory system
and into the vessels in the eye. The dye makes these vessels visible to
a special camera that is used to take photographs used by the doctor to
diagnose various disorders of the eye.
Amsler's Grid Chart
If you are over the age of 45 or if your family has a history of retinal
problems such as macular degeneration, you should have your eyes checked
periodically.
Your ophthalmologist will examine your eyes with an ophthalmoscope to
see if damage is present in the macula. Should macular degeneration be
apparent, further tests will be done. These include the Amsler's Chart.

Amsler's Chart
Proper use
of the grid will enable you to detect very subtle changes in your vision
which can occur when there is just a small amount of fluid under your
retina. To perform the test properly, wear the glasses that you normally
wear for reading. If you wear bifocals, use the bottom portion or reading
portion of the glass. Attach the Amsler's Chart to a wall at eye level
and stand 12"-14" (comfortable reading distance) away from it.
Cover one eye. With the other eye, look at the center dot.
The first day you observe the grid, mark with a pencil any areas of distortion,
any gray or blurry areas, or any blank spots. This will be your baseline
pattern.
Each and every morning thereafter, look at the center dot of the Amsler's
Chart. If you notice new areas of distortion, wavy lines instead of straight
lines, or enlargement of the blank spots, especially towards the center,
you should call your ophthalmologist and arrange for an appointment as
soon as possible.

Blurry Areas and Black Spots |

Wavy or Crooked Lines |
Your evaluation will probably include a retinal examination and eye photography
to determine whether your new symptoms are due to fluid under the retina,
and whether laser treatments may help.
Keratometer
A keratometer is used to precisely measure the curvature of your cornea.
This is used for the IOL power calculation, & also to evaluate the
base-curve of a Contact lens.

Specifications:
* Ascon Medical Instrument Pvt. Ltd. (Model: ASK 890)
* Type: Sutcliff Type
* System Type: External Reading
* Corneal Radius of Curvature : 6.4-9.4mm (0.5 steps)
* Corneal Refraction Power : 36D - 52D (0.25 steps)
* Axis of Corneal Assignment : 0-180 Degree (5 Degree Step)
Retinoscope:
Purpose:
Used to determine the refractive error of the eye & for precise detection
of the cylindrical axis. Using a mirror, light is reflected into the eye
to determine whether your patient is shortsighted or long-sighted.
Retinoscopy is taught by two methods, spot or streak. By
sweeping the beam of light back and forth across the pupil, you achieve
a reflex that will either move with your sweeping movements (hypermetropic
eye) or against (myopic eye). These movements are commonly referred to
as "with" or "against" movements respectively. The
next step is to achieve neutralization (no movement at all) by inserting
trial lenses between the observer and patient and sweeping the Retinoscope
back and forth until no motion is detected. This lens is then the accurate
prescription for your patient.

Specifications:
Heine Optotechnik, Germany.
Lensometer:
Purpose:
An instrument used to measure the power of an individual's current prescription
eyeglasses.

Manual AUTOLENSOMETER
A lensmeter or lensometer, also known as a focimeter[1], is an ophthalmic instrument. It is mainly used by optometrists and opticians to verify the correct prescription in a pair of eyeglasses, to properly orient and mark uncut lenses, and to confirm the correct mounting of lenses in spectacle frames.
Lensometers can also verify the power of contact lenses, if a special lens support is used.
The parameters appraised by a lensmeter are the values specified by an ophthalmologist or optometrist on the patient's prescription: sphere, cylinder, axis, add, and in some cases, prism. The lensmeter is also used to check the accuracy of progressive lenses, and is often capable of marking the lens center and various other measurements critical to proper performance of the lens. It may also be used prior to an eye examination to obtain the last prescription the patient was given, in order to expedite the subsequent examination.
At “DIVYADRASHTI”, we have both Auto & Manual Lensometers.
Auto Refractometer :

AUTOREFRACTOMETER
An Autorefractor or automated refractor is a computer-controlled machine used during an eye examination to provide an objective measurement of a person's refractive error and prescription for glasses or contact lenses. This is achieved by measuring how light is changed as it enters a person's eye.
The automated refraction technique is quick, simple and painless. After application of a cycloplegic agent to keep the ciliary muscle in relaxed position and avoid the erroneous diagnosis of a pseudomyopia, the patient takes a seat and places their chin on a rest. One eye at a time, they look into the machine at a picture inside. The picture moves in and out of focus as the machine takes readings to determine when the image is on the retina. Several readings are taken which the machine averages to form a prescription. No feedback is required from the patient during this process.
Within seconds an approximate measurement of a person's prescription can be made by the machine and printed out or shared electronically with an Automated Refraction System.
In some offices this is used to provide the starting point for the optometrist in subjective refraction tests. Here, lenses are switched in and out of a phoropter and the patient is asked "which looks better" while looking at a chart. This feedback refines the prescription to one which provides the patient with the best vision.
Automated refraction is particularly useful when dealing with non-communicative people such as young children or those with disabilities.
Tonometry (Schiotz & Applanation)
Purpose:
This instrument measures the Intra Ocular Pressure inside the eye, which
is one of the very important tests to detect Glaucoma, a vision-degenerating
disease. This pressure measurement is an important part of every eye examination,
as increase in pressure may signal the beginning of Glaucoma, a sight-threatening
disease. As per the normal guideline, pressure above 18 millimeters is
considered to be elevated pressure.

The very
common ways of Tonometry test is Noncontact tonometry (Air-Puff
Test) & Contact Tonometry (Applanation & Schiotz Tonometer).
In case of first one, a gentle puff of air blows towards the patient's
eye, when he looks through the machine. This will flattens the cornea
slightly in order to give the pressure reading. The machine is gas pressurized
and does not require direct contact with the eye.
While in later case, which is considered to be the most accurate, ophthalmologist
use an instrument that looks like a pen in which the tip of the tonometer
touches the eye and measures the pressure. An Applanation Tonometer
measures the force required to flatten a small area of central cornea.
A topical anesthetic and fluorescein dye are instilled before the measurement
is taken. One type of Applanation tonometer attaches to a slit lamp, while
another is hand-held. The Schiotz tonometer measures the amount
the cornea indented by a fixed weight that artificially raises the pressure.
Color Vision Chart
A color vision test shows whether a patient can tell color differences.
This is checked by Ishihara Color Vision Charts.
* Auto Refractometer (Picture and details of the machine attached separately
Flash Autoclave Sterilizer
Purpose:
Used in operation, to monitor sterilization cycle e.g. all the phases
such as fill Heat, Sterilize, Vent, Dry & Completion are automatically
preceded.
It's a high speed Autoclave machine which takes 5 to 7 minutes for a full
sterilization cycle comapared to the conventional Autoclave machine.

Machine Highlights:
* Hanshin
Medical Co. Ltd. (Model: HS-1321)
* Sterilization Temp. : 121-132 Degree Centigrade.
* Temp. Range: +10 to +40 Degree Centigrade.
* Reservoir: Capacity 51, 240w X 234h X 119d mm.
Ultrasonic
Instrument Cleaner :
Purpose :
Used for effective cleaning of Instruments through a vibratory wave
of frequency.
Working
Principle :
Ultrasonic is an effective cleaning method because it initiates cavitation.
In this method, Gas filled, Vapour filled or empty cavities ranging in
size from submicroscopic to very large may be produced in a liquid by
varying methods such as Chemical, Thermal Or Mechanical actions and they
may have a short or prolonged life. The production of these cavities and
the effect that they induce on the medium or environment in which they
are produced is known as Cavitation, minute bubbles are generated by Ultrasonics
from gas nuclei. The Bubble expand until they are unstable, then they
collapse at the onset of cavitation, the gas nuclei vary in size depending
upon the surface tension of the liquid, temperature and the frequency
of the applied Ultrasonic energy. The implosion generate minute vacuum
areas which are responsible for the cleaning process. The forces of Cavitation
are initiated at the instant of implosion and the binder or matrix which
causes adherence of the dirt to the instruments surface is dislodged.
At DIVYADRASHTI
we have, TARANG make ( D4 Surgicals) Ultarasonic cleaner, the specifications
of which are :
Model : T
J001
Tank Dimensions : 20 cm x 15 cm x 7 cm
Litre Capacity : 1.8 Ltrs
U/S Power : 50 Watts
U/S Frequency : 33 Khz
Input : 180 V- 270 V
|